随着政务数字化与办公信息化深入推进，硬盘作为核心存储介质，更新迭代愈发频繁。很多人以为删除文件、格式化硬盘就能彻底清除痕迹，实则不然。普通删除仅能清除数据索引，原始信息仍残留在盘片或芯片中，专业恢复工具可轻松复原。闲置硬盘若处置不当，就有可能成为数据泄露、失泄密的“隐形炸弹”。国家安全部14日发布安全提示文章。
Discarded hard drives could become "hidden bombs" for data leaks, China's Ministry of State Security (MSS) warned on Thursday, after disclosing a case involving the resale of "new" drives that still carried improperly erased internal data. The agency also stressed that idle hard drives containing classified information must never be discarded or resold randomly, according to a notice published on the ministry's official WeChat account.
With the rapid advancement of digital governance and office informatization, hard drives, as core data storage devices, are being replaced and upgraded more frequently. Many people mistakenly believe that deleting files or formatting a hard drive is enough to erase data, but that is not the case, the notice said.
However, ordinary deletion only removes data indexes, while the original information still remains on the disk or chip and can be easily recovered through professional recovery tools.
翻新硬盘“翻车”
不法商贩为牟取高额利润，常将回收的二手硬盘简单处理后，冒充新品售卖，盘内残留的敏感数据、病毒木马等极易造成安全隐患。
近期，某单位就向国家安全机关报告了一起翻新硬盘“翻车”的事件。该单位购买了一批“新”硬盘，但在对其进行安全检测过程中，发现该批硬盘仍存有大量残留数据，其中还包括涉及党政机关、高校、银行等单位的内部文件。
The MSS warned that some illegal vendors seeking high profits often perform only superficial processing on recycled second-hand hard drives before reselling them as new products. Residual sensitive information, malware, and viruses stored on such drives could pose major security risks, it noted.
In the case disclosed by the MSS, a certain organization reported to state security authorities that it had purchased a batch of "new" hard drives.
During subsequent security inspections, the organization discovered that the drives still contained large amounts of residual data, including internal documents from Party and government organs, universities, banks and other institutions.
经倒查，某单位工作人员违反保密规定，将内部使用的硬盘简单清空数据后，当作普通硬盘卖了废品。最终，该单位相关责任人员均被依规依纪追责问责。此类案例并非个例，这些存储在翻新硬盘里的敏感信息，一旦被不法分子或境外间谍情报机关获取利用，将给个人、单位乃至国家安全造成危害。
Subsequent investigations found that an employee at another organization had violated confidentiality regulations by simply deleting data from internal hard drives before selling them as scrap. Relevant personnel were ultimately held accountable in accordance with regulations and disciplinary rules.
The MSS cautioned that such cases are not isolated incidents, warning if sensitive information stored on refurbished hard drives falls into the hands of criminals or overseas espionage agencies, it could endanger individuals, organizations and even national security.
如何妥善处置闲置硬盘？
购盘避坑：警惕“低价捡漏”陷阱。采购硬盘时，要选择品牌官方渠道、授权经销商，仔细核验产品资质、防伪标识，不要因为图便宜而从非正规渠道购买。
用盘规范：严守安全操作要求。硬盘启用前，可通过专业技术手段进行安全检测，通过格式化、病毒查杀等方式，排查残留数据、恶意程序，确保合格后再投入使用。使用时，应注意养成加密敏感文件、不随意转借硬盘、公私硬盘不混用等良好习惯。
涉密硬盘：严禁违规处置。须严格落实涉密载体销毁规定，绝不能随意丢弃、转卖闲置硬盘。销毁时，可送交有资质的专业机构彻底清除涉密信息，并采取钻孔、粉碎或消磁等措施，确保信息无法还原。
普通硬盘：安全变现有方。非涉密、无敏感信息的闲置硬盘，经规范处理后，可通过二手平台正常交易。除用专业工具多次擦除数据外，还可以选择平台官方上门回收，由专业人员现场完成全盘覆写，确认数据无法恢复后再出售。
The notice also provided guidance on the safe procurement, use and disposal of hard drives. It advised consumers and organizations to purchase storage devices through official channels of reputable brands, carefully verify product certifications and anti-counterfeit labels, and conduct professional security inspections before putting hard drives into use to detect residual data or malicious programs.
For ordinary hard drives, the ministry said properly processed devices may be traded on second-hand platforms or recycled through official collection services. However, idle hard drives containing classified information must strictly follow regulations governing the destruction of confidential carriers. Such devices should be handed over to qualified professional institutions for complete data removal and physically destroyed through methods such as drilling, crushing or degaussing to ensure the information cannot be restored.
"The proper disposal of idle hard drives is a key line of defense in safeguarding data security," the notice stated. "Through the joint efforts of all sectors, every discarded hard drive can safely complete its mission."
来源：人民日报微信 国家安全部 环球时报